World’s first wooden satellite, developed in Japan, heads to space

KYOTO, Japan — The world’s first wooden satellite, built by Japanese researchers, was launched into space Tuesday in an early test of using timber in lunar and Mars exploration.

LignoSat, developed by Kyoto University and homebuilder Sumitomo Forestry, will be flown to the International Space Station on a SpaceX mission and later released into orbit about 250 miles above the Earth.

Named after the Latin word for “wood,” the palm-sized LignoSat is tasked with demonstrating the cosmic potential of renewable material as humans explore living in space.

“With timber, a material we can produce by ourselves, we will be able to build houses, live and work in space forever,” said Takao Doi, an astronaut who has flown on the Space Shuttle and studies human space activities at Kyoto University.

With a 50-year plan of planting trees and building timber houses on the moon and Mars, Doi’s team decided to develop a NASA-certified wooden satellite to prove that wood is a space-grade material.

“Early 1900s airplanes were made of wood,” said Kyoto University forest science professor Koji Murata. “A wooden satellite should be feasible, too.”

Wood is more durable in space than on Earth because there’s no water or oxygen that would rot or inflame it, Murata added.

A wooden satellite also minimizes the environmental impact at the end of its life, the researchers say.

Decommissioned satellites must re-enter the atmosphere to avoid becoming space debris. Conventional metal satellites create aluminum oxide particles during re-entry, but wooden ones would burn up with less pollution, Doi said.

“Metal satellites might be banned in the future,” Doi said. “If we can prove our first wooden satellite works, we want to pitch it to Elon Musk’s SpaceX.”

After a 10-month experiment aboard the International Space Station, the researchers found that hinoki, a kind of magnolia tree native to Japan and traditionally used for sword sheaths, is best suited for spacecraft.

LignoSat is made of hinoki, using a traditional Japanese crafts technique without screws or glue.

Once deployed, LignoSat will stay in orbit for six months, with the electronic components onboard measuring how wood endures the extreme environment of space, where temperatures fluctuate from -100 to 100 degrees Celsius every 45 minutes as it orbits from darkness to sunlight.

LignoSat will also gauge wood’s ability to reduce the impact of space radiation on semiconductors, making it useful for applications such as data center construction, said Kenji Kariya, a manager at Sumitomo Forestry Tsukuba Research Institute.

“It may seem outdated, but wood is actually cutting-edge technology as civilization heads to the moon and Mars,” he said. “Expansion to space could invigorate the timber industry.”